Period+9

= 1890s Period 9 =

**Group Members**:
Elissa Joseph, Gabriel Hernandez, Alyssa Gonzales, Casey Copeland, Elizabeth Dominguez, Michael Pacheco, and Cristifori Feliciano.

Overview:
The 1890's is filled with many events that had a great impact on America's history. It has the **Sherman Antitrust Act** which is an act named after Senator John Sherman of Ohio. We also have the **Wounded Knee Massacre** it was an event on December 29th, 1890 between the Americans and the Sioux Indians. In addition, there is the **National American Woman Suffrage Association** it is an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890. Next we have the **Sierra Club Founded** it is one of nation's oldest environmental groups. Then we have the **Panic of 1893,** it was a tragic economic depression in the United States. After that we have the **Pullman Strike**, it was a strike in 1894. Lastly, there is the **Spanish-American War** which dragged in the Philippine-American war.

Subtopics:
**Sherman Antitrust Act** Michael Pacheco The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was an act named after Senator John Sherman of Ohio and Secretary of Treasury for President Hayes that passed by Congress to expel trusts and monopolies. This act was arranged to have stockholders transfer many of their shares from their companies to trustees. In return, the stockholders would claim a certificate that would enable them specific share to the proceeds of the jointly managed companies. The Sherman Antitrust Act allowed Federal Government to overlook the profit made against trusts to take them out completely. **Wounded Knee Massacre** Elizabeth Dominguez The Wounded Knee Massacre was an event of December 29th, 1890 between the Americans and the Sioux Indians, fighting over territory. They had created a land agreement not long before, to show that Americans could have some of the land, and the Sioux got the rest. However, an American general, General Custer, broke the treaty. Sitting Bull, with the help of some fellow chiefs, rounded the other Native Americans together at Wounded Knee Creek, and the village of the same name. There, the Americans and Sioux waged war, leading to a total of 300 Sioux deaths. To the Native Americans, this event became known as the Wounded Knee Massacre, and they were not going to let this go unpunished. Several of the chiefs involved in this event and the Ghost Dance prior to were Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Crying Bull, Kicking Bear, Short Bull, and an ambassador for the Sioux, Wovoka. The infamous American general who led this onslaught was Samuel L. Whitside, a former Eastern cuban general.

[[image:300px-Woundedknee1891.jpg]][[image:remington.jpg]]
**National American Woman Suffrage Association** Elissa Joseph The National Woman Suffrage Association was founded in 1869 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The American Woman Suffrage Association was founded by Julia Ward Howe and Lucy Stone the same year. The two organizations differed about whether a woman’s right to vote should come from a federal Constitutional amendment or through state legislatures. The NWSA advocated for easier divorce procedures and an end to discrimination in pay and employment. The AWSA was conservative, and was simply concerned with being given the vote. The two groups came together in 1890 to from the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Throughout 1890 and 1896 states like Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, and Colorado entered the Union with woman suffrage in their constitutions. Woman suffragists launched nearly 500 campaigns to get their voices heard. The strategy of the newly formed group was to get enough state woman suffrage amendments to force Congress to approve a Constitutional amendment. The main focus was on recruiting members and winning the vote for women. **Sierra Club Founded** Gabe Hernandez

The Sierra Club is one of the nation's oldest environmental groups, organized in the latter part of the 19th Century as something of a localized "outings" club, oriented mostly toward park and Sierra wilderness preservation, but which has grown to become an effective environmental organization. Years before the founding of the Sierra Club, many of its future leaders and supporters were traveling the mountains of California and sharing with others the wonders they found there. Muir was chief among these early wilderness explorers and visionaries. An immigrant who had been raised on a Wisconsin farm and educated at the University of Wisconsin, Muir had arrived in California in 1868 planning to stay only a few months before setting off to study Amazon botany. Virtually penniless, he hired on as a shepherd's assistant, a job that took him to Yosemite Valley--and ultimately changed his life. "I have run wild," he later wrote of the effects of Yosemite's rugged grandeur. "As long as I live," he wrote, "I'll hear waterfalls and birds and winds sing. I'll the rocks, learn the language of flood, storm, and the avalanche. I'll acquaint myself with the glaciers and wild gardens, and get as near the heart of the world as I can." "This was my 'method of study,'" he recalled later, "I drifted about from rock to rock, from stream to stream, from grove to grove. Where night found me, there I camped. When I discovered a new plant, I sat down beside it for a minute or a day, to make its acquaintance and hear what it had to tell... I asked the boulders I met, whence they came and whither they were going." **Panic of 1893** Alyssa Gonzales The Panic of 1893 was a tragic economic depression in the United States. This panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. During this time many people had to cut back on expenses and work hard to get a bare minimum of money. This event is significant to America's history because it started a major shift in investment techniques. Also investors began to place more money in stocks than in bonds. **The Pullman Strike** Casey Copeland The Pullman Strike was a strike in 1894 by the workers of The Pullman Palace Car Company. The workers of the company lived in Pullman, Illinois, outside of Chicago which was founded by George Pullman. During the economic panic of 1893, George Pullman had to lower wages at The Pullman Palace Car Company, but kept living prices the same in the town of Pullman. This caused an uproar with the workers, who eventually went on strike on May 11, 1894. The strike was broken up by U.S. Marshals sent by President Grover Cleveland. **Spanish- American War** Cristafori Feliciano The Philippine-American War was a minor conflict dragged in by a larger conflict, The Spanish American War. The Philippine-American War was fought between organized Philippine Independence groups and United States Philippine Constabularies. This war lasted from 1899-1902 to gain independence from the United States. The Annexation began as soon as the Americans had seized it from the Spanish. This conflict ended in a United States victory and dissolution of the First Philippine Republic. =Music Video:= P 8notes. "Joplin, Scott - Maple Leaf Rag Sheet Music - 8notes.com." //Free Sheet Music on 8notes.com//. Scott Joplin, 2008. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. . media type="custom" key="11732068" =Commercial:= S Enchanted Learning. "Inventors and Inventions from 1851-1900 - the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century." //EnchantedLearning.com//. 2000. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. . -media type="custom" key="11730350" - -

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